Desarrollo de la infraestructura y reducción de la pobreza: el caso peruano

In recent years, economic growth and the development of social programs have contributed significantly to poverty reduction in Peru. In this process, the development of infrastructure has been very important in reducing the long term vulnerability of households.This paper examines the role of infrastructure in reducing poverty in households in Peru within a dynamic perspective of poverty and under an asset-based approach. To do this, we estimate Logit models to reflect the impact of different types of infrastructure on the likelihood of being poor in Peru. We also estimate static panel data models (fixed and random effects) to reflect the impact of the different types of infrastructure on the spending ofPeruvian households. Both groups of models are based on information at the household level for the years 2007-2010 from the Peruvian official household survey provided by INEI. These impacts are estimated considering the sex of the household head and the area of residence(urban or rural). For static panel data models, we estimate the impact of the different types of infrastructure on household spending distinguishing whether they are transient poor or chronically poor. Given the data constraints at the household level in Peru, we only analyze the following infrastructures throughout the document: water, sewage, electricity and telecommunications. From the results, we verify a significant and different impact of the various types of infrastructure on poverty according to the area of residence and the gender of the household head. Similarly, we verify a significant and different impact of infrastructure on the types of poverty (transient and chronic poverty).Infraestructura, pobreza, ingresos, enfoque de activos, dinámica de la pobreza.

Hyperconnectivity is a fundamental response to neurological disruption

In the cognitive and clinical neurosciences, the past decade has been marked by dramatic growth in a literature examining brain "connectivity" using noninvasive methods. We offer a critical review of the blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI) literature examining neural connectivity changes in neurological disorders with focus on brain injury and dementia. The goal is to demonstrate that there are identifiable shifts in local and large-scale network connectivity that can be predicted by the degree of pathology. We anticipate that the most common network response to neurological insult is hyperconnectivity but that this response depends upon demand and resource availability

Resting-state functional connectivity and socioemotional processes in male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against women

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a serious and overwhelming public concern. Neuroimaging techniques have provided insights into the brain mechanisms underlying IPVAW perpetration. The purpose of this study is to examine the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) involving the process of social decision-making of male perpetrators. Twenty-six male perpetrators convicted for an IPVAW crime were compared to 29 men convicted for crimes other than IPVAW (other offenders) and 29 men with no criminal records (non-offenders) using a seed-based approach. Seeds were located in areas involved in reflective (prefrontal), impulsive (amygdala and striatum) and interoceptive (insula) processing. Then, as an exploratory analysis, the connectivity networks on male perpetrators were correlated with measures of executive functions and socioemotional self-report measures. Male perpetrators in comparison to other offenders and non-offenders, presented higher rsFC between prefrontal, limbic, brainstem, temporal and basal ganglia areas. Also male perpetrators showed higher rsFC between insula, default mode network and basal ganglia, while lower rsFC was found between prefrontal and motor areas and between amygdala, occipital and parietal areas. Exploratory correlations suggest that the specific rsFC in male perpetrators might be more related to socioemotional processes than to executive functions. These results showed that male perpetrators present a specific rsFC in brain systems that are essential for an adaptive social decision-making

Cerium and gentamicin antibacterial activity on loaded calcium-phosphates microspheres

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physical fitness and white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity: the ActiveBrains project

Recent studies investigated the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with white matter microstructure in children, yet little work has explored to what extent other components of physical fitness (i.e., muscular or motor fitness) are associated with white matter microstructure. Indeed, this association has not been previously explored in children with overweight/obesity who present a different white matter development. Therefore, we aimed to examine associations between physical fitness components and white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity. In total, 104 (10.04 +/- 1.15 years old; 43 girls) children were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness was assessed using the ALPHA-fitness test battery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). No association was found between physical fitness and global DTI metrics (all P>0.082). Within individual tracts, all associations became non-significant when analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Using the voxel-wise approach, we identified a small cluster in the left lateral frontal lobe where children with greater upper-body muscular fitness showed higher FA (PFWE-corrected=0.042). Although our results cannot conclude physical fitness is related to white matter microstructure in children with overweight/obesity; those findings indicate that the association of muscular fitness with white matter microstructure might be more focal on frontal areas of the brain, as opposed to global differences

Isolation of VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas monteilii clinical strains disseminated in a tertiary hospital in northern Spain

We describe here the occurrence of blaVIM-2 in 10 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas monteilii strains isolated from different clinical samples from patients at the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla in northern Spain. All the blaVIM-2-harboring P. monteilii isolates possessed a class 1 integron, with the cassette array [intI1_blaVIM-2_aac(6')-Ib_qacEΔ1_sul1]. Our results show the emergence of VIM-2-producing multidrug-resistant species other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas putida in a Spanish hospital. P. monteilii, although sporadically isolated, should also be considered an important metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) reservoir

Phase angle by electrical bioimpedance is a predictive factor of hospitalisation, falls and mortality in patients with cirrhosis

The phase angle is a versatile measurement to assess body composition, frailty and prognosis in patients with chronic diseases. In cirrhosis, patients often present alterations in body composition that are related to adverse outcomes. The phase angle could be useful to evaluate prognosis in these patients, but data are scarce. The aim was to analyse the prognostic value of the phase angle to predict clinically relevant events such as hospitalisation, falls, and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Outpatients with cirrhosis were consecutively included and the phase angle was determined by electrical bioimpedance. Patients were prospectively followed to determine the incidence of hospitalisations, falls, and mortality. One hundred patients were included. Patients with phase angle ≤ 4.6° (n = 31) showed a higher probability of hospitalisation (35% vs 11%, p = 0.003), falls (41% vs 11%, p = 0.001) and mortality (26% vs 3%, p = 0.001) at 2-year follow-up than patients with PA > 4.6° (n = 69). In the multivariable analysis, the phase angle and MELD-Na were independent predictive factors of hospitalisation and mortality. Phase angle was the only predictive factor for falls. In conclusion, the phase angle showed to be a predictive marker for hospitalisation, falls, and mortality in outpatients with cirrhosis

Infant Formula Supplemented With Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Synbiotics Is Associated With Neurocognitive Function and Brain Structure of Healthy Children Aged 6 Years: The COGNIS Study

Background: Adequate nutrient intake during the first few months of life plays a critical role on brain structure and function development. Objectives: To analyze the long-term effects of an experimental infant formula (EF) on neurocognitive function and brain structure in healthy children aged 6 years compared to those fed with a standard infant formula or breastfed. Methods: The current study involved 108 healthy children aged 6 years and participating in the COGNIS Study. At 0-2 months, infants were randomized to receive up to 18 months of life a standard infant formula (SF) or EF enriched with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and synbiotics. Furthermore, a reference group of breastfed (BF) infants were also recruited. Children were assessed using neurocognitive tests and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 6 years old. Results: Experimental infant formula (EF) children showed greater volumes in the left orbital cortex, higher vocabulary scores and IQ, and better performance in an attention task than BF children. EF children also presented greater volumes in parietal regions than SF kids. Additionally, greater cortical thickness in the insular, parietal, and temporal areas were found in children from the EF group than those fed with SF or BF groups. Further correlation analyses suggest that higher volumes and cortical thickness of different parietal and frontal regions are associated with better cognitive development in terms of language (verbal comprehension) and executive function (working memory). Finally, arachidonic acid (ARA), adrenic acid (AdA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in cheek cell glycerophospholipids, ARA/DHA ratio, and protein, fatty acid, and mineral intake during the first 18 months of life seem to be associated with changes in the brain structures at 6 years old. Conclusions: Supplemented infant formula with MFGM components, LC-PUFAs, and synbiotics seems to be associated to long-term effects on neurocognitive development and brain structure in children at 6 years old.This project has been funded by Laboratorios Ordesa, S.L. Contract University of Granada General Foundation, No. 3349 and SMARTFOODS (CIEN) Contract University of Granada General Foundation, No. 4003, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. Furthermore, the project has been partially funded by HORIZON 2020 EU DynaHEALTH Project (GA No. 633595).S

Aportes metodológicos para afrontar la masividad : Una experiencia de innovación sistemática en el ámbito universitario

El presente trabajo muestra algunos resultados de un proceso educativo que venimos realizando desde el año 1992 en la Cátedra de Zoología General (Fac. Cs. Naturales y Museo, UNLP), como también, intentamos reforzar la reflexión permanente en cuanto a la producción de nuevas estrategias y prácticas docentes, en el espacio de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las Ciencias Biológicas. Este proceso surgió ante la imposibilidad de implcmentar el curso con las estrategias utilizadas históricamente, dado que el sistema áulico presentaba modificaciones relevantes. La caracterización más notable de esa nueva situación estaba dada por la Masividad. De una cursada tradicional de 200 alumnos, pasamos en 1992, a 450 y en la actualidad contamos con 700 cursantes. En el marco institucional la asignatura Zoología General, pertenece al plan de estudio (ciclo común) de las Licenciaturas en Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Sus orientaciones: Ecología, Zoología, Botánica, Antropología, Geología, Geoquímica y Paleontología. Es una materia correspondiente al primer año, cursan alumnos de cualquier orientación. Al inicio del ciclo lectivo 1992, una serie de circunstancias dieron como resultado la Masividad en la Universidad. Un hecho que nos llevó concretamente a la imposibilidad de implemcntar nuestro curso con la estructura tradicional. El asumir la masividad nos condujo a diseñar un nuevo proyecto estratégico al que llamamos “Tratamiento Grupai de Temas con Discusión".Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse